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Nautical dictionary, ship terms terminology Nautical dictionary

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Yacht Yate Jacht Yacht A vessel of pleasure or state
Stern Heck The after end of a vessel, see By the stern
Anchor Ancla Anker Anker A heavy metal device, fastened to a chain or line, to hold a vessel in position, partly because of its weight, but mainly because the designed shape digs into the bottom
Anemometer Anemometro Anemometer Anemometer Instrument to mesure the wind speed
Abaft Toward the rear (stern) of the boat
Abeam At right angle or off to the side of the keel of the boat at right angle to the middle of the ship
Aboard A bordo Aan boord On or within the boat
Above Deck On the deck, not over it see Aloft
Aft Toward the stern of the boat
Aground Touching or fast to the bottom of any body of water on or onto the shore
Ahead In a forward direction
Aids to navigation (aton) Artificial objects to supplement natural landmarks to indicate safe and unsafe waters
Aloft Above or on top of the deck of the boat
Amidship(s) In or toward the part of a boat or ship midway between the bow and the stern toward the middle of the ship or boat
Anchorage A place suitable for anchoring in relation to the wind, seas and bottom
Astern In back of the boat, opposite of ahead
Athwartships At right angles to the centerline of the boat across the ship or boatfrom side to side - Rowboat seats are generally athwartships
Batten down Secure hatches and loose objects both within the hull and on deck
Beacon Baliza A lighted or unlighted fixed aid to navigation attached directly to the earths surface Lights and daybeacons, both constitute beacons
Beam The greatest width of the boat
Bearing The direction of an object expressed either as a true bearing as shown on thechart, or as a bearing relative to the heading of the boat
Below Beneath the deck
Bight The part of the rope or line, between the end and the standing part, on which a knot is ormed a slack part or loop in a rope shallow bay or bend in a coast forming an open bay
Bilge The interior of the hull below the floorboards
Bitter end The last part of a rope or chain the inboard end of the anchor rope
Block Blok A wooden or metal case enclosing one or more pulleys and having a hook, eye, or strap by which it may be attached
Boat A fairly indefinite term - A waterborne vehicle smaller than a ship, a small craft carried aboard a ship
Boat hook A short shaft with a fitting at one end shaped to facilitate use in putting a line over a piling, recovering an object dropped overboard, or in pushing or fending off
Boom Poles used to support the sails
Bow The forward part of a boat
Bow line A docking line leading from the bow
Bow spring line A bow pivot line used in docking (and undocking), or to prevent the boat from moving forward or astern while made fast to a pier
Bowline knot A knot used to form a temporary loop in the end of a line
Bowsprit A spar extending forward from the bow
Bridge The location from which a vessel is steered and its speed controlled
Broach Sudden, unplanned, and uncontrolled turning of a vessel so that the hull is broadside to the seas or to the wind
Bulkhead A vertical partition separating compartments
Buoy An anchored float used for marking a position on the water or a hazardor a shoal and for mooring
Cabin A compartment for passengers or crew
Capsize To turn over
Cast off To let go
Catamaran A twin hulled boat, with hulls side by-side
Chafing gear Tubing or cloth wrapping used to protect a line from chafing on a rough surface
Channel 1:That part of a body of water deep enough for navigation through an area otherwise not suitable, It is usually marked by a single or double line of buoys and sometimes by range markers 2:The deepest part of a stream, bay, or strait, through which
Chart A map for use by navigators
Chine The intersection of the bottom and sides of a flat or v-bottomed boat
Chock A fitting through which anchor or mooring lines are led, usually U-shaped to reduce chafe
Cleat A fitting, usually with two horn-shaped ends, to which lines are made fast, the classic cleat is almost anvil-shaped
Clove hitch A knot for temporarily fastening a line to a spar or piling
Cockpit Bañera Kuip An opening in the deck from which the boat is handled
Coil To lay a line down in circular turns
Compass Navigation instrument, either magnetic (showing magnetic north) or gyro (showing true north)
Compass card Part of a compass, the circular card graduated in degrees, it is attached to the compass needles and conforms with the magnet meridian-referenced direction system inscribed with direction, the vessel turns not the card
Current The horizontal movement of water
Cutter Similar to a sloop except sails are arranged so that many combinations of areas may be obtained
Day beacon A fixed navigation aid structure used in shallow waters upon which is placed one or more daymarks
Day mark A signboard attached to a daybeacon to convey navigational information presenting one of several standard shapes (square, triangle, rectangle) and colors (red, green, orange, yellow, or black), daymarks usually have reflective material indicating
Dead ahead Directly ahead
Dead astern Directly aft or behind
Dead reckoning A plot of courses steered and distances traveled through the water
Deck A permanent covering over a compartment, hull or any part of a ship serving as a floor
Displacement The weight of water displaced by a floating vessel
Displacement hull A type of hull that plows through the water, displacing a weight of water equal to its own weight, even when more power is added
Dock A protected water area in which vessels are moored, the term is often used to denote a pier or a wharf
Draft The depth of water a boat draws
Ease To slacken or relieve tension on a line
Ebb tide A receding tide, a period or state of decline
Even keel When a boat is floating on its designed waterline, it is said to be floating on an even keel
Eye of the wind The direction from which the wind is blowing
Eye splice A permanent loop spliced in the end of a line
Fast Said of an object that is secured to another
Fathom A unit of length equal to 6 feet used in measuring water depth
Fender A cushion placed between boats, or between a boat and a pier, to prevent damage
Figure eight knot A knot in the form of a figure eight, placed in the end of a line to prevent the line from passing through a grommet or a block
Flame arrester A safety device, such as a metal mesh protector, to prevent an exhaust backfire from causing an explosion, operates by absorbing heat
Flare The outward curve of a vessels sides near the bow, a distress signal
Flotsam Wreckage or cargo that remains afloat after a ship has sunk, floating refuse or debris
Flying bridge An added set of controls above the level of the normal control station for better visibility, usually open, but may have a collapsible top for shade
Following sea An overtaking sea that comes from astern
Fore and aft In a line parallel to the keel
Forward Toward the bow of the boat
Fouled Any piece of equipment that is jammed or entangled, or dirtied
Founder When a vessel fills with water and sinks
Freeboard The minimum vertical distance from the surface of the water to the gunwale
Gaff A spar to support the head of a gaff sail
Gaff rig Four-sided mainsail defined by two booms, one located on the bottom, perpendicular to the mast, and another, located on top, at an angle from the mast
Galley The kitchen area of a boat
Gangway The area of a ships side where people board and disembark
Gear A general term for ropes, blocks, tackle and other equipment
Give way vessel A term, from the Navigational Rules, used to describe the vessel which must yield in meeting, crossing, or overtaking situations
Grab rails Hand-held fittings mounted on cabin tops and side for personal safety when moving around the boat
Ground tackle Anchor, anchor rode (line or chain), and all the shackles and other gear used for attachment
Gunwale The upper edge of a boats sides
Halyard Pulls up the sail
Harbour A safe anchorage, protected from most storms may be natural or manmade, with breakwaters and jetties, a place for docking and loading
Hatch An opening in a boats deck fitted with a watertight cover
Head A marine toilet, also the upper corner of a triangular sail
Heading The direction in which a vessels bow points at any given time
Headway The forward motion of a boat, opposite of sternway
Heave to To bring a vessel up in a position where it will maintain little or no headway, usually with the bow into the wind or nearly so
Heel To tip to one side
Helm The wheel or tiller controlling the rudder
Hitch A knot used to secure a rope to another object or to another rope, or to form a loop or a noose in a rope
Hold A compartment below deck in a large vessel, used solely for carrying cargo
Hull The main body of a vessel
Hypolimnion The layer of water in a thermally stratified lake that lies below the thermocline, is noncirculating, and remains perpetually cold
Hypothermia A life threatening condition in which the bodys temperature are subnormal and the entire body cools
Inboard More toward the center of a vessel, inside, a motor fitted inside the boat
Jackstay A strong line or wire stay running from bow to stern along the sides of a boat
Jettison To cast overboard or off, Informal to discard (something) as unwanted or burdensome
Kedge To use an anchor to move a boat by hauling on the anchor rode, a basic anchor type
Keel The centerline of a boat running fore and aft, the backbone of a vessel
Ketch A two-masted sailboat with the smaller after mast stepped ahead of the rudderpost
Knot A measure of speed equal to one nautical mile (6076 feet) per hour, A fastening made by interweaving rope to form a stopper, to enclose or bind an object, to form a loop or a noose, to tie a small rope to an object, or to tie the ends of two s
Lacustrine Of or relating to lakes, living or growing in or along the edges of lakes
Leeward The direction away from the wind, opposite of windward
Leeway The sideways movement of the boat caused by either wind or current
Line Rope and cordage used aboard a vessel
Log A record of courses or operation, also a device to measure speed
Lubbers line A mark or permanent line on a compass indicating the direction forward, parallel to the keel when properly installed
Marconi rig The most common type of sail used today, a triangle-shaped mainsail defined by the mast and one horizontal beam perpendicular to the mast called a boom
Marlinespike A tool for weaving and splicing rope
Mast A spar set upright to support rigging and sails
Monohull A boat with one hull
Mooncusser Legendary opportunists who lured vessels onto shoals during nights when there was no moonlight to illuminate the coastline
Mooring An arrangement for securing a boat to a mooring buoy or a pier
Mooring buoy A buoy secured to a permanent anchor sunk deeply into the bottom
Nautical mile According to Websters: any of various units of distance used for sea and air navigation, an international unit equal to 6076,115 feet (1852 meters), about 1/8 longer than the statute mile of 5280 feet
Navigation The art and science of conducting a boat safely from one point to another
Outboard Toward or beyond the boats sides, a detachable engine mounted on a boats stern
Outdrive inboard/outboard - A propulsion system for boats with an inboard engine operating an exterior drive, with drive shaft, gears, and propeller also called stern drive and Z-drive
Overboard Over the side or out of the boat
Personal watercraft (pwc) Official terminology for jetskis
Painter A line attached to the bow of a boat for use in towing or making fast
Pay out To ease out a line, or let it run in a controlled manner
Pendant The line by which a boat is connected to a mooring buoy, a short rope hanging from a spar having at its free end a spliced thimble or a block
Pennant Any nautical flags that taper to a point and used for identification
Personal flotation device (pfd) Official terminology for life jacket, when properly used a PFD will support a person in the water, available in several sizes and types
Pier A loading/landing platform extending at an angle from the shore
Piloting Navigation by using visible references
Pitch The alternating rise and fall of the bow of a vessel proceeding through waves, the theoretical distance advanced by a propeller in one revolution, tar and resin used for caulking between the planks of a wooden vessel
Pitchpole To turn end over end in very rough seas
Planing hull A type of hull shaped to glide easily across the water at high speed
Port Babor Bakboord The left side of a boat looking forward, a harbor
Propeller A rotating device, with two or more blades, that acts as a screw in propelling a vessel
Quarter The sides of a boat aft of amidships
Quartering sea Sea coming on a boats quarter
Reef To reduce the sail area
Rode The anchor line and/or chain
Roll The alternating motion of a boat, leaning alternately to port and starboard, the motion of a boat about its fore-and-aft axis
Rope In general, cordage as it is purchased at the store, when it comes aboard a vessel and is put to use, it becomes a line
Rope cutter 1:A tool used to cut rope, 2:A device attached to the prop shaft which cuts through ropes, plastic bags, nets, and other materials that may get tangled in the prop
Rudder A vertical plate or board for steering a boat
Running lights Lights required to be shown on boats underway between sundown and sunup
Schooner First seen among 19th-century ships, it is multimasted and furls triangular sails, the foremost mast is always shorter than the others
Scope The ratio of the length of an anchor line, from a vessels bow to the anchor, to the depth of the water
Screw A boats propeller
Scupper An opening in the side of a ship at deck level to allow water to run off, an opening for draining off water, as from a floor or the roof of a building
Sea anchor Any device used to reduce a boats drift before the wind
Secure To make fast
Shackle A U shaped connector with a pin or bolt across the open end
Shear pin A safety device, used to fasten a propeller to its shaft, it breaks when the propeller hits a solid object, thus preventing further damage
Sheet Adjusts a sails angle to the wind
Sheet bend A knot used to join two ropes, functionally different from a square knot in that it can be used between lines of different diameters
Ship A larger vessel usually used for ocean travel, according to Websters, a sailing vessel usually having a bowsprit and three masts each composed of a lower mast, a top mast, and a topgallant mast, also a vessel that is able to carry a boat on bo
Shoal An offshore hazard to navigation at a depth of 16 fathoms (30 meters or 96 feet) or less, composed of unconsolidated material
Shrouds Run from the top of the mast to the port (left) and starboard (right) side of the hull to give sideways support
Slack Not fastened, loose, to loosen
Sloop A single-masted vessel with working sails (main and jib) set fore and aft
Splice To permanently join two ropes by tucking their strands alternately over and under each other
Spring line A pivot line used in docking, undocking, or to prevent the boat from moving forward or astern while made fast to a dock
Squall A sudden, violent wind often accompanied by rain
Square knot A knot used to join two lines of similar size, also called a reef knot
Square-rigger Large ships dating back to the 17th century typically with three masts carrying rectangular sails mounted on horizontal beems called yards
Standing part That part of a line which is made fast, the main part of a line as distinguished from the bight and the end
Stand-on vessel That vessel which continues its course in the same direction at the same speed during a crossing or overtaking situation, unless a collision appears imminent (Was formerly called the privileged vessel)
Starboard The right side of a boat when looking forward
Stern The after part (back) of the boat
Stern line A docking line leading away from the stern
Stow To pack or store away, especially to pack in an orderly, compact manner
Swamp To fill with water, but not settle to the bottom
Tackle A combination of blocks and line used to increase mechanical advantage
Thwart A seat or brace running laterally across a boat, also a rowers seat extending across the boat
Tide The periodic rise and fall of water level in the oceans
Tiller A bar or handle for turning a boats rudder or an outboard motor
Toe rail A small rail around the deck of a boat, the toe rail may have holes in it to attach lines or blocks
Topgallant Relating to the part next above the topmast and below the royal mast
Topsail The sail above the lowermost sail on a square-rigged ship, also the sail set above and sometimes on the gaff in a fore-and-aft rigged ship
Topsides The sides of a vessel between the waterline and the deck, sometimes referring to onto or above the deck
Transom The stern cross-section of a square-sterned boat, any transverse beams secured to the sternpost
Trim Fore and aft balance of a boat
Trimaran A boat with three hulls
Tripline A line fast to the crown of an anchor by means of which it can be hauled out when dug too deeply or fouled, a similar line used on a sea anchor to bring it aboard
True north pole The north end of the earths axis and also called North Geographic Pole, the direction indicated by 000? (or 360?) on the true compass rose
True wind The actual direction from which the wind is blowing
Tumble home Refers to a cabin or hull with a width that becomes narrower as height increases
Turnbuckle A threaded, adjustable rigging fitting, used for stays, lifelines, and sometimes other rigging
Underway Vessel in motion, when not moored, at anchor, or aground
V-bottom A hull with the bottom section in the shape of a V
Variation The angular difference between the magnetic meridian and the geographic meridian at a particular location
Vhf radio A very high frequency electronic communications and direction finding system
Wake Moving waves, track or path that a boat leaves behind when moving across the waters
Waterline A line painted on a hull which shows the point to which a boat sinks when it is properly trimmed
Way Movement of a vessel through the water, such as headway, sternway, or leeway
Wharf A manmade structure bonding the edge of a dock and built along or at an angle to the shoreline, used for loading, unloading, or tying up vessels
Winch A device used to increase hauling power when raising or trimming sails
Windward Toward the direction from which the wind is coming, opposite of leeward
Yaw To swing off course, as when due to the impact of a following or quartering sea
Yawl A two-masted sailboat with the small mizzen mast stepped abaft the rudder post
Ab Ableseaman rating a man able to hand, reef and steer
Aback-(backwinded) The sail filling on wrong side in the casee of square rigged ship may cause the ship to go astern, see All-Aback
Abaft Towards the stern of a vessel
Abaft the beam Aft a line which extends out from amidships
Abandon ship Abandonar An order given to leave a ship when it is in danger
Abandonment A marine insurance term indicating that the cost of repairs to a vessel is more than the cost of the vessel and cargo
Abeam At right angle to the middle of the ships side
Fall aboard One vessel falls foul of another
To lay aboard To sail alongside an enemy vessel with the intention of boarding
Tacks aboard To brace the yards around for sailing close hauled
About On the other tack, to pass through the eye of the wind
Above board Above the deck
Abreast Along side or at right to
Accommodation See Ladder
A-cock-bill The situation of the yards when they are topped up at an angle with the deck, the situation of an anchor when it hangs to the cathead by the ring only
Adrift A la deriva Op dreef Broken from moorings or fasts, without Fasts
Afloat Resting on the surface of the water
Afore Forward, the opposite of abaft
Aft/after At, near or towards the stern, to move aft is to move to the back of the boat
After leading A line that lead from its point of attachment toward the stern
Aground Touching the bottom
Ahead In the direction of the vessel`s head, wind ahead is from the direction toward which the vessel`s head points (opposite to A-stern)
Ahoy seaman`s call to attract attention
A-hull The situation of a vessel when she lies with all her sails furled and her helm lashed a-lee
A-lee The situation of the helm when it is put in the opposite direction from that in, which the wind blows
All-aback When all the sails are aback
All hands The whole crew
All in the wind When all the sails are shaking
Aloft Up above, up the mast or in the rigging
Aloof At a distance
Amain Suddenly, at once
Amidships In the middle of the ship, either to the length or breadth
Anchorage A sheltered place or area where a boat can anchor
Anchor ball A black ball visible in all direction display in the forward part of a vessel at anchor
Anchor watch See Watch, A member or members of the crew that keep watch and check the drift of ship
Anchor light A white light visible in all direction display in the forward part of a vessel at anchor
An-end When a mast is perpendicular to the deck
A-peek When the cable is hove taut so as to bring the vessel nearly over her anchor, the yards are a-peek when they are topped up by contrary lifts
Apparent wind Wind felt on a vessel underway
Apron A piece of timber fixed behind the lower part of the stern, just above the fore end of the keel, a covering to the vent or lock of a cannon
Arm Yard-Arm, the extremity of a yard, also the lower part of an anchor, crossing the shank and terminating in the flukes
Arming A piece of tallow put in the cavity and over the bottom of a lead-line
A-stern In the direction of the stern, the opposite of ahead
A-taunt See Taunt
Athwart Across
Athwart-ships Across the line of the vessel`s keel
Athwart-hawse Across the direction of a vessel`s head, across her cable
A-trip The situation of the anchor when it is raised clear of the ground, the same as a-weigh
Avast! Or `vast The command to stop, or cease, in any operation
A-weather The situation of the helm when it is put in the direction from which the wind blows
A-weigh The same as A-trip
Awning A covering of canvass over a vessel`s deck, or over a boat, to keep off sun or rain
Back To back an anchor, is to carry out a smaller one ahead of the one by which the vessel rides, to take off some of the strain
To back a sail Is throw it aback
To back and fill Is alternately to back and fill the sails
Backstay Baquestay Achterstag Mast support running to aft deck or another mast, stays
Backstaff information The ship`s distance from that landmark can be calculated, a navigation instrument used to measure the apparent height of a landmark whose actual height is known, such as the top of a lighthouse
Backwinded when the wind hits the leeward side of the sails
Baggywrinkle Chafing gear made from old ropes
Bagpipe To bagpipe the mizzen, is to lay it aback by bringing the sheet to the weather mizzen rigging
Bail Ironrod partially circling the boom to which sheet block is attached, see Bale, to remove water from the boat
Bailers Openings in the bottom or transom to drain water when sailing, see Self Bailers
Balance-reef A reef in a spanker or fore-and-aft mainsail, which runs from the outer head-earing, diagonally, to the tack, it is the closest reef, and makes the sail triangular, or nearly so
Bale To bale a boat, is to throw water out of her, A fitting on the end of a spar, to which a line may be led
Ballast Is either pigs of iron, stones, or gravel, which last is called single ballast and their use is to bring the ship down to her bearings in the water which her provisions and stores will not do, trim the ballast that is spread it about, and lay it e
Bank A boat is double banked, when men seated on the same thwart pull two oars, one opposite the other
Bar A bank or shoal at the entrance of a harbor
Barber hauler A line attached to the jib or jib sheet, used to adjust the angle of sheeting by pulling the sheet towards the centre line of the boat
Bare-poles The condition of a ship when she has no sail set
Barge A large double-banked boat used by the commander of a vessel, in the navy
Bark 3 Masted with Square rigged on fore and main mast
Barkentine 3 Masted with Square rigged on fore mast only
Barnacle A shellfish often found on a vessel`s bottom
Barratry An unlawful or fraudulent act, or very gross and culpable negligence, by the master or mariners of a vessel in violation of their duty as such, directly prejudicial to the owner or cargo, and without his consent, Smuggling, trading with an enemy,
Battens Thin strips of wood put around the hatches, to keep the tarpaulin down, also put upon rigging to keep it from chafing, a large batten widened at the end, and put upon rigging, is called a Scotchman
Beacon A post or buoy placed over a shoal or bank to warn vessels off, also as a signal-mark on land
Beam The widest part of the boat
Beams Strong pieces of timber stretching across the vessel, to support the decks
On the weather or lee beam Is in a direction to windward or leeward, at right angles with the keel
On beam ends The situation of a vessel when turned over so that her beams are inclined toward the vertical
Beam reach A point of sail where the boat is sailing at a right angle to the apparent wind
Bearing The direction of an object expressed either as a true bearing as shown on the chart, or as a bearing relative to the heading of the boat
The bearings of a vessel The widest part of her below the plank-shear, that part of her hull, which is on the waterline when she is at anchor, and in her proper trim
Bear An object bears so and so, when it is in such a direction from the person looking
To bear down upon a vessel To approach her from the windward
To bear up To put the helm up, keep a vessel off from her course, and move her to leeward
To bear away The same as to bear up, being applied to the vessel instead of to the tiller
To bear-a-hand To make haste
Beating Going toward the direction of the wind, by alternate tacks
Beaufort scale A system for estimating wind strengths
Becalm To intercept the wind, a vessel or highland to windward is said to becalm another, so one sail becalms another
Becket A piece of rope placed so as to confines a spar or another rope, a handle made of rope, in the form of a circle, (as the handle of a chest) Is called a becket
Bees Pieces of plank bolted to the outer end of the bowsprit, to reeve the foretopmast stays through
Belay Change order, to make a line secure to a pin, cleat or bitt
Belay pin Iron or wood pin fitted into railing to secure lines to
Bend To make fast
To bend a sail To make it fast to the yard
To bend a cable To make it fast to the anchor
A bend A knot by which one rope is made fast to another
Bends The strongest part of a vessel`s side, to which the beams, knees, and foot-hooks are bolted, the part between the water`s edge and the bulwarks
Beneaped See Neaped
Bentick shrouds Formerly used, and extending from the futtock-staves to the opposite channels
Berth The place where a vessel lies, the place in which a man sleeps
Between-decks The space between any two decks of a ship
Bibbs Pieces of timber bolted to the hounds of a mast, to support the trestle-trees
Bight The double part of a rope when it is folded, in contradistinction from the ends, any part of a rope may be called the bight, except the ends, also, a bend in the shore, making a small bay or inlet
Bilge The lowest part of the interior hull below the waterline
Bilge-ways Pieces of timber bolted together and placed under the bilge, in launching
Bilge water Water which settles in the bilge
Bilge The largest circumference of a cask
Bilged When the bilge is broken in
Bilge pump A mechanical, electrical, or manually operated pump used to remove water from the bilge
Bill The point at the extremity of the fluke of an anchor
Billet-head See Head
Binnacle A box near the helm, containing the compass
Biscuit Bread intended for naval or military expeditions is now simply flour well kneaded, with the least possible